8,699 research outputs found

    Nonminimal state space approach to multivariable ramp metering control of motorway bottlenecks

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    The paper discusses the automatic control of motorway traffic flows utilising ramp metering, i.e. traffic lights on the on-ramp entrances. A multivariable ramp metering system is developed, based on the nonminimal state space (NMSS) approach to control system design using adaptive proportional-integral-plus, linear quadratic (PIP–LQ) optimal controllers. The controller is evaluated on a nonlinear statistical traffic model (STM) simulation of the Amsterdam motorway ring road near the Coen Tunnel

    Postmodern Display: Staging the Mind of Marshall McLuhan

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    Creatively commingling the life and theories of Canadian media icon Marshall McLuhan may yield robust material for negotiating and staging postmodern performance. This article considers certain of McLuhan’s theories that have parallels to influential postmodern theoretical constructions and the ways in which these parallels are ripe for performance. It considers the uneasy relationship between dramaturgies and dialectics, and deals with frequent criticisms leveled at postmodern thought, including a hectic rejoicing over consumerism, a cacophony of signs, and the dangers of incorporating into performance the mixed-media environments inherent to McLuhanism and postmodernism alike. Finally, the article considers the potential for mixed-media performance to engage with social objectives linked to producing alternative theatre. But it begins and ends by asking the question: Do artists who attempt to stage theory risk allowing the theory to distract from and overwhelm the performance? In order to probe these effects, the sprawling Edmonton science-fiction "Alt-Rock Opera," The Illumination of Marshall McLuhan, is offered as a case study. RĂ©sumĂ© Associer de façon crĂ©ative la vie et les thĂ©ories de Marshall McLuhan, cĂ©lĂšbre figure canadienne des mĂ©dias, voilĂ  une dĂ©marche qui promet de produire du matĂ©riel solide qui permet de penser la nĂ©gociation et la prĂ©sentation d’une performance postmoderne. Whittaker s’attarde dans cet article Ă  quelques-unes des thĂ©ories de McLuhan qu’on peut inscrire en parallĂšle Ă  des constructions thĂ©oriques d’une grande importance en postmodernisme; l’auteur cherche ainsi Ă  voir comment ces parallĂšles peuvent servir Ă  enrichir une reprĂ©sentation. Whittaker examine le rapport prĂ©caire qu’entretiennent la dramaturgie et la dialectique et aborde quelques-uns des reproches formulĂ©s Ă  l’égard de la pensĂ©e postmoderne, y compris sa rĂ©jouissance fiĂ©vreuse Ă  l’égard de la consommation Ă  outrance, sa cacophonie de signes et le risque que reprĂ©sente le recours aux environnements multimĂ©dia si essentiels aux tenants de la pensĂ©e de McLuhan et du postmodernisme. Enfin, Whittaker voit comment la performance multimĂ©dia peut servir Ă  aborder des enjeux sociaux liĂ©s Ă  la production d’un thĂ©Ăątre alternatif. Sa contribution part d’une question Ă  laquelle elle revient Ă  la toute fin : l’artiste qui cherche Ă  montrer la thĂ©orie risque-t-il de voir son public distrait et sa performance monopolisĂ©e par la thĂ©orie? Pour examiner ces effets, l’auteur propose une Ă©tude de cas d’un opĂ©ra tentaculaire « alt-rock » science-fiction d’Edmonton, The Illumination of Marshall McLuhan

    Teaching Bones from my Garden

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    Abstract Faunal analysis, or zooarchaeology, is an important subfield that provides information on human ecology, economy, culture, and society. Few of my students have much experience with hunting, farming, anatomy, or even eating meat these days, so faunal analysis labs in an Archaeological Field Methods class present some difficulties. Faunal assemblages from archaeological sites are often small, fragile, and too valuable for class use. They require good comparative collections, and it may be difficult for students to relate to unfamiliar animals and cultures. These problems can be overcome by producing a faunal teaching assemblage from home meat consumption. For over 20 years I have composted all organics from my kitchen, and subsequently collected bone from my garden. A useful assemblage can be created in a much shorter time if the bones are prepared by maceration instead of composting. With simple instructional materials, the students can recognize the bones, collect the data, and perform simple quantification like MNI and NISP. The assemblage is then interpretable in terms of most of the issues approached by contemporary faunal analyses, such as preparation techniques, meat preferences, formation processes, and socio-economic status. My classes always find it engaging to analyze their professor’s garbage and use it to interpret his life

    The Professionalization of a Stage Naturalist, the Making of a Mythmaker: The Theatre Criticism of Urjo Kareda at the University of Toronto’s Varsity Newspaper

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    The theatre criticism of Urjo Kareda in the Toronto Star offers favoured primary source material for theatre historians evaluating the so-called “alternative theatre” movement in Toronto in the early 1970s. Indeed, it has been argued that theatre activity during these years constitutes a “movement” largely because of Kareda’s engaging writing at the time, which popularly labeled it as “movement” even as it emerged. However, Kareda’s equally engaging writing in the campus weekly newspaper the Varsity in the mid-1960s, while he was a student at the University of Toronto, has been left unexplored. This essay argues that Kareda’s themes, styles, and opinions in that student publication reveal much about the development of his early views on theatre practices and aesthetics in the years prior to the emergence of the alternative theatres, most notably his unwavering preference for neo-Aristotelian stage naturalism and psychological realism, and a dynamic emphasis on Toronto’s theatre ecology. In doing so, it offers connections between undergraduate cultural production and career-minded journalistic theatre writing. And it challenges scholars to rethink the professional researcher’s undervaluation of extra-professional theatre criticism.Les critiques que signait Urjo Kareda dans le Toronto Star sont une importante source premiĂšre pour les chercheurs en histoire du thĂ©Ăątre qui Ă©tudient le mouvement du thĂ©Ăątre dit « alternatif » Ă  Toronto au dĂ©but des annĂ©es 1970. On a qualifiĂ© cette activitĂ© thĂ©Ăątrale de « mouvement » en grande partie Ă  cause des Ă©crits engagĂ©s de Kareda qui, Ă  l’époque, lui attribuait dĂ©jĂ  ce qualificatif. Or, les textes tout aussi engagĂ©s que publiait Kareda au milieu des annĂ©es 1960 dans Varsity , le journal Ă©tudiant de l’UniversitĂ© de Toronto oĂč il faisait ses Ă©tudes Ă  l’époque, restent largement mĂ©connus. Dans cet article, Whittaker dĂ©montre que les thĂšmes, les styles et les opinions de Kareda dans ce journal Ă©tudiant font voir l’évolution de sa perception des pratiques et de l’esthĂ©tique thĂ©Ăątrales avant l’émergence des compagnies de thĂ©Ăątre alternatif, notamment en ce qui concerne son inĂ©branlable prĂ©fĂ©rence pour le naturalisme nĂ©o-aristotĂ©licien et le rĂ©alisme psychologique, de mĂȘme que l’importance qu’il accordait Ă  l’écologie du thĂ©Ăątre de Toronto. Whittaker souligne ainsi le lien entre la production culturelle dans le cadre d’études de premier cycle et celle, davantage axĂ©e sur la carriĂšre, de la critique thĂ©Ăątrale produite dans un contexte journalistique. Ce faisant, il remet en cause la tendance qu’ont les chercheurs professionnels Ă  sous-Ă©valuer la critique thĂ©Ăątrale produite dans un contexte non professionnel

    The Trades of T.R.i.C.: There Are No Macrohistories Here

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    Fusing the Nuclear Community: Intercultural Memory, Hiroshima 1945 and the Chronotopic Dramaturgy of Marie Clements’s Burning Vision

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    In recent years, attention to Marie Clements’s work as a playwright has gradually accumulated. Her plays are eagerly produced across Canada and around the world. Scholarly articles have appeared on these pages, as well as in Canadian Theatre Review, Theatre Research International, and the Baylor Journal of Theatre and Performance, and panel papers focusing on her work have been presented at conferences from Vancouver to Belgium. Much of this attention has dealt with three mutually definitive aspects of her plays: their autobiographical relevance to Clements’s life and worldview, their aboriginality, and their staging of women. That is to say, for the most part attention to Clements’s work has been predicated on questions of identity that flow from the "personal engagement with the text by its writer-actor" (Gilbert, "Shine" 25). Here I consider her award-winning play Burning Vision as performing cultures in ways that are productively political, imaginative, theatrical, and complex. I argue that moments of reciprocal communication between cultures—"intercultural handshakes"— are negotiated by Clements as "timespace" moments through a Dene-inspired form of "chronotopic dramaturgy" which, following Mikhail Bakhtin and Ric Knowles, re-visions the ways in which time and space structure a theatrical work and inform our understanding of the political effects at play. RĂ©sumĂ© Ces derniĂšres annĂ©es, on s’intĂ©resse de plus en plus Ă  l’Ɠuvre thĂ©Ăątrale de Marie Clements. Un peu partout au Canada et Ă  travers le monde, on s’empresse de monter ses piĂšces. Des articles sur l’Ɠuvre de Clements sont dĂ©jĂ  parus dans notre revue, de mĂȘme que dans Canadian Theatre Review, Theatre Research International et le Baylor Journal of Theatre and Performance; des plĂ©niĂšres sur l’Ɠuvre de Clements ont eu lieu dans le cadre de colloques tenus de Vancouver jusqu’en Belgique. Or, une bonne part de l’attention consacrĂ©e Ă  la dramaturge a portĂ© sur trois aspects reconnus des piĂšces de Clements : le rapport autobiographique de ces piĂšces Ă  la vie de Clements et au regard qu’elle jette sur le monde, le caractĂšre autochtone des piĂšces et la mise en scĂšne des femmes. L’attention portĂ©e Ă  l’Ɠuvre de Clements a donc Ă©tĂ© largement fondĂ©e sur des questions d’identitĂ© qui dĂ©coulent de « l’engagement personnel de l’auteure-actrice Clements Ă  l’endroit du texte » (Gilbert « Shine » 25). Ici, Whittaker examine la piĂšce Burning Vision pour laquelle Clements a remportĂ© plusieurs prix en montrant qu’elle offre des reprĂ©sentations culturelles qui sont politiquement productives, imaginatives, thĂ©Ăątrales et complexes. Il fait valoir que Clements prĂ©sente les moments de communication rĂ©ciproque entre cultures—des « poignĂ©es de main interculturelles »—comme des moments d’« espace-temps » inspirĂ©s d une forme de « dramaturgie chronotope » dĂ©nĂ©e qui, comme l’ont dĂ©jĂ  montrĂ© Mikhail Bakhtin et Ric Knowles, redĂ©finissent la façon dont le temps et l’espace structurent une Ɠuvre thĂ©Ăątrale et informent notre conception des effets politiques en jeu

    The Casting and Makeup of Drama, Theatre, and Performance Studies in Canada: A Report on the Discipline by the Numbers (and Letters)

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    Are we poised at the outset of a faculty hiring crisis in Drama, Theatre, and Performance (DTP) studies at Canadian universities? The question has been raised before, and perhaps at no time more frequently than in recent years as more students are entering graduate school and completing their degrees following the worst financial downturn in seventy-five years. Reactions range from malaise ("It was bad twenty years ago too") or comparativism ("It’s bad in other disciplines, and in other countries too") to economic determinism ("As the stock market goes, so too university hiring; things will get better") and even panic ("After years of sending out job applications I’d be a fool to stay on the job market any longer"). But what do we really know about DTP graduation and hiring rates in this country? This quantitative report updates and deepens past attempts to analyze perceptions about DTP education by offering aggregated "personnel flow" and "student flow" statistics generated from current Canadian university tenure-stream DTP faculty and graduate student population data. Faculty data were gathered primarily from university DTP and English department websites, and graduate student data were gathered primarily from records held at the University of Toronto’s Graduate Centre for Study of Drama, the largest single source of DTP faculty in Canada. RĂ©sumĂ© Les universitĂ©s canadiennes sont-elles sur le point de connaĂźtre une situation de crise dans l’embauche de professeurs dans le secteur thĂ©Ăątre, dramaturgie et performance? La question n’est pas nouvelle, mais elle se fait plus pressante ces derniĂšres annĂ©es alors que de plus en plus d’étudiants entament et terminent des Ă©tudes supĂ©rieures au moment mĂȘme oĂč se produit le plus important ralentissement Ă©conomique en soixante-quinze ans. Les rĂ©actions varient, passant du malaise (« C’était difficile aussi il y a vingt ans ») ou du comparatisme (« C’est la mĂȘme chose dans d’autres disciplines et ailleurs au monde »), au dĂ©terminisme Ă©conomique (« Les embauches en milieu universitaire varient selon le marchĂ© boursier ; la situation va s’amĂ©liorer ») et Ă  la panique (« Il faut ĂȘtre fou pour choisir de rester sur le marchĂ© du travail aprĂšs avoir cherchĂ© un poste pendant plusieurs annĂ©es »). Mais que savons-nous au juste du nombre de diplĂŽmĂ©s et du taux d’embauche au Canada dans le secteur thĂ©Ăątre, dramaturgie et performance? Ce rapport quantitatif propose une mise Ă  jour du dossier et approfondit d’autres tentatives d’analyser nos perceptions de l’éducation dans ce secteur en offrant des statistiques globales sur le « flux » d’employĂ©s et d’étudiants obtenues en consultant les donnĂ©es actuelles sur les professeurs universitaires occupant un poste menant Ă  la permanence et sur les Ă©tudiants de cycles supĂ©rieurs dans ce secteur. Les donnĂ©es sur le corps professoral sont tirĂ©es principalement des sites web de dĂ©partements universitaires de thĂ©Ăątre et d’anglais, tandis que les donnĂ©es sur les Ă©tudiants des cycles supĂ©rieurs sont tirĂ©es essentiellement des dossiers du Graduate Centre for the Study of Drama Ă  l’UniversitĂ© de Toronto

    TONY NARDI TWO LETTERS 
 And Counting!

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    Does chronic caregiving stress accelerate T cell immunosenescence?

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    First paragraph: It is now well understood that the human immune system undergoes considerable changes, termed immunosenescence, as part of the ageing process, resulting in an increased rate of infections and inflammation. The impact of stress is often studied in the context of such age-related changes, as detailed in this issue by Prather et al. (2018). In the innate immune system, immunosenescence changes include increased levels of inflammatory cytokines and markers such as CRP, accompanied by decreased anti-inflammatory cytokines; a skewing toward myeloid cell differentiation of haematopoietic stem cells; decreased phagocytosis, intracellular killing and dysregulated chemotaxis in neutrophils and macrophages/monocytes, increased NK and NKT cells but decreased cytotoxicity (Bosch et al., 2013). In the adaptive immune system, these alterations encompass decreased production of naĂŻve T cells, especially cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, due to thymus involution and CMV exposure, decreases in T cell activation, reduced numbers of naĂŻve B cells, and a switch towards accumulation of memory and effector T and B cells (Bosch et al., 2013). Chronic stress is known to exacerbate these changes further and affect a range of immune cells and immune processes such as slower wound healing and reduced antibody response to vaccination (Segerstrom and Miller, 2004)
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